### 1.11.1.1 The HTTP Protocol is Stateless

When discussing sessions the comment "The HTTP protocol is a stateless protocol, and the Internet is a stateless development environment" is often used. This simply means that the HyperText Transfer Protocol that is the backbone of the Web is unable to retain a memory of the identity of each client that connects to a Web site and therefore treats each request for a Web page as a unique and independent connection, with no relationship whatsoever to the connections that preceded it.

For viewing statically generated pages the stateless nature of the HTTP protocol is not usually a problem because the page you view will be the same no matter what previous operations you had performed. However for applications such as shopping carts which accumulate information as you shop it is extremely important to know what has happened previously, for example what you have in your basket. What is needed for these applications is a way to "maintain state" allowing connections to be tracked so that the application can respond to a request based on what has previously taken place.